Why does bittorrent + podcasting matter? (Or, “why open source?”) February 28, 2006
Posted by spanky in apple.4 comments
Quite often, some of my friends and acquaintances don’t really think open source is something that they need to pay attention to, that it’s a quaint little hobby for tinkerers and doesn’t have a really large place in their day-to-day internet life. While I’ll be the first to admit that the products of the open source community are not a panacea, it is probably the only group that has nothing other than the satisfaction of end users in mind. Corporate entities, while often appearing benevolent, will inevitably limit choices or features, or use the product to further their own interests, be it building a user base, or mindshare, or whatever.
An example of this is Apple’s iTunes including PodCasting. It’s a double-edged sword; by making podcasting much easier to subscribe to, shows are getting much wider exposure and more listeners. The cost of this is that now Apple has a great deal of control over podcasters since they are now the point of entry for the listener base. If an RSS feed works with other podcast clients, but not with iTunes, the number of people who will subscribe to your show will drop precipitously. If, for whatever reason, your podcast doesn’t show up in the top/featured podcasts, you won’t get the coverage that a podcast that Apple features will. Apple has the mindshare and market clout, as well as the content delivery software in place to establish this hegemony on what was once a community-led phenomenon. Now, I’m not stupid. For Apple, this was an incredibly smart business move. While they may not have invented podcasting (i.e. the simple act of putting MP3 URLs into RSS) they get to become a primary supplier for the content. Why should you care? Simple. Without bittorrent, podcasting will not be able to scale well to a larger listener base. Already, a lot of my favorite podcasts are taking on sponsors and ads for revenue to offset bandwidth costs that keep rising. Podcasts are already recorded on sub-par equipment and downsampled and compressed to appallingly low file sizes to cut back on bandwidth spending, but if podcasting keeps growing, it won’t matter. If podcasters don’t start using bittorrent, small, independent people may not be able to attract and sustain a larger listener base. And I don’t see that happening unless iTunes supports it. This may not seem like a big deal, but I think the strength of podcasting lies in independence and free speech (like blogging). I just don’t want to see a day where Clear Channels and Time Warners move in and become the only game in town for podcasting.
Internet connection sharing on Linux (IP Masquerading on a Powerbook) February 2, 2006
Posted by spanky in Linux, apple.add a comment
So I left my PCI wireless card with Linux drivers at school, my wireless router is next to the TV and not a great place to setup a Linux box, and I want to install packages onto a Linux box I’m setting up. I recently put Linux on my Powerbook, so what is commonly termed “Internet Connection Sharing” is no longer as easy as it used to be, and is bound to be a pain in the ass.
Or is it?
To clarify, what I wanted to do was share my Powerbook’s wireless connection over its Ethernet port. There are quite a few good tutorials on setting up IP masquerading, but the only one I needed was here. I copied and pasted that script into init.d, made it executable, and ran it on the Powerbook. It checks for and loads modules that I’m sure are running already, changes some network settings, and then sets up the forwarding rules in iptables. Note that I had to change 2 lines in the script, since my external interface was eth1 (wireless) and my internal interface was eth0 (wired Ethernet). I ran that, set the IP address on the host Powerbook to 192.168.2.1, set the IP address on the client system to 192.168.2.2 (both via ifconfig) and then “sudo route add default 192.168.2.1″ to the client system, and done. Pings, DNS, it was all taken care of.
Installing Linux on a Powerbook G4 January 13, 2006
Posted by spanky in Linux, apple.5 comments
Since the Airport Extreme drivers have been reverse engineered, I thought now would be the perfect time to finally install Linux on the ol’ PB. The popular distro of late is Ubuntu (Ubuntu is an ancient African word meaning “I’m sick of waiting for Gentoo to finish compiling,” as the joke goes), so I thought I’d give it a try. Nothing against Gentoo, which is still my distro of choice for the desktop. Gentoo of course is named after a fast swimming species of penguin that preys primarily on small krill and n00bs who use binary-only distros. Since I’ve always been more fond of KDE than GNOME just as a matter of preference, I chose the Kubuntu flavor. Dapper Drake is the latest version of the distro, and it’s still in testing, but it had the kernel version and modules I needed (bleeding edge packages don’t hurt, either ^_^) The timing turned out to be fortuitous, since Dapper Drake release candidate 2 was just released to the public, so I grabbed myself a copy.
The install itself is far and away the least painful Linux install I have ever seen or heard of. I put the CD in, it detected things and went into a setup program, and presented me with some basic choices like language and keyboard setup. The partition setup screen had several options, one being a “suggested” partition table, one being a guided process, and one being the manual partition setup most of us are used to. At this point, I decided to let it choose for me, and it showed me what it was going to do, and asked to write the new partition table to disk. After that, the base system and related packages were all installed, which took about 20 minutes and a reboot or two, and that is basically it. Gentoo Linux has really great documentation about install and setup. Kubuntu? It doesn’t need documentation. After the progress bar hit 100% I had a Powerbook that:
- Booted straight into kdm/KDE 3.5
- Had OpenOffice installed
- Displayed battery status correctly in the panel
- Had ALSA sound working out of the box
- Touchpad worked great (had to tone down the sensitivity– cursor moved too fast)
- Frequency scaling enabled to prevent overheating
- Eject button worked to eject cds, provided they were not mounted
If Linux is going to seriously break into the desktop world, Ubuntu/Kubuntu is the distro to do it. After this, I went into the shortcuts and reassigned some functions to the Apple keys, went into KMix and mapped the volume control Powerbook buttons to work, and got wireless working. Dapper actually shipped with almost everything I needed to get Airport Extreme started. Google for fwcutter, it’s a utility you need to download, compile, and run on an Airport Extreme driver to extract the firmware, which it will then copy to the correct directory. After that, this is what I do to get my wireless connected:
sudo modprobe bcm43xx (this should also load the 80211_softmac module, if not, do it manually)
sudo ifconfig eth1 up (static IP goes here)
sudo route add default gateway (router IP, often 192.168.1.1)
sudo iwconfig eth1 essid (Wireless network name)
sudo iwconfig eth rate 11Mb
The reason for the last command is the driver currently only works for 802.11b. Another limitation is that the SoftMac layer is not complete. I read a post about devicescape, which is supposedly much more functional, though harder to get working. I’ll see if I can get more out of the wireless in terms of packet sniffing, etc. later. If the above doesn’t work for you, check the output of dmesg and see if your computer has successfully associated with the access point. I have also heard tell of WEP encryption working as well.
As for what remains to be done, the pbuttonsd that controls things like power button behavior, suspend-to-disk and so forth often seems to require reconfiguration to work properly on some Powerbooks vs. others. All in all, it was a painless experience. As is usually the case with Linux, not everything is sunshine and roses. There are projects under way to create an open source implementation of Flash, but it’s still in progress. If you want to play something that requires Flash 7+, forget about it. Macromedia does have a Linux binary available for download, but it’s x86 (The Man giveth, and The Man taketh away). So I can’t watch Google Video at the moment, but at least now I can save it to disk. There’s a petition for them to release a Linux ppc binary, but I’m not holding my breath. The petition for open sourced Airport Extreme drivers has been around for years since the first release of the product, and we’re only seeing results now because hardworking device driver people rolled up their sleeves and took matters into their own hands. And if you don’t understand, or at least respect that, I’m not sure why you’d want to run Linux in the first place.
Screenshots:
Processor Stats (1Ghz processor frequency scaled to 66%)
Showing off Katapult, a KDE launcher application like the outstanding OS X app, Quicksilver
